Urban Development Department Tender

Construction of gravity type Rapid Sand Filter of Size 4m2/6m2 including the following item of works: (i) Earthwork for excavation (ii) 150 mm thick PCC (prop. 1:3:6) (iii) Brick soling (iv) Formwork of ordinary timber planking including centering, shuttering, propping, etc. (v) PCC/RCC works (M25 grade in foundation & superstructure) (v) 250 mm brick work in cement morter with 1st class brick including racking out joints and dewatering if necessary, and curing complete as directed. (vi) 15 mm thick Cement plaster in single coat on rough and fair side (prop. 1:4) (vii) Finishing old / new wall with water proofing weather coat smooth anti-fungal exterior painting of approved make (two coats) (viii) Supplying, fitting and fixing including labour charge of under drainage with 150 mm dia PVC manifold and 63 mm dia PVC laterals and interconnection of the filter unit including necessary GI fittings. (ix) supplying and charging of filter media considering all materials for the filter bed constructed as per the specification provided by the deptt. The specification of the sand and gravel is as below: (a) Sand should be hard, resistant quartz, free from clay, fine particles, soft grains, organic matter and dirt. Effective size of sand (d10) has to be within the range from 0.45 mm to 0.7 mm and uniformity coefficient (d60/d10) within 1.3 to 1.7. The effective depth of sand bed has to be 0.60 m. (b) Gravel has to be hard preferably rounded stone and not crushed stone, with average specific gravity not less than 2.5

Supplying,fitting,fixing of internal connection between TP & UGR including labour charge and materials which includes the following jobs: a. Earth work in excavation in foundation trenches (of size 1 x 1 x 18.00 m x 0.60m x 0.90m=9.72 Cu.M) including refilling the quantity as necessary after completion of works of pipe line dressing, ramming, watering etc as directed by the Deptt. b. Supplying of UPVC perforated laterals of 50mm dia and 60 cm long by making hole of 5mm dia at a spacing of 8 cm centre to centre in two lines at 60 degree with the centre of the pipe and threading at both ends and supplying, fitting and fixing 40mm dia U.P.V.C. threaded End Plug at one end, the other end to be fitted with a UPVC threaded nipple of 75 mm long properly embedded in RCC cover slab all complete. c. Providing precast R.C.C slab over drain ,septic tank etc. in prop. 1:3/2:3 reinforced with 10mm M.S. bar @ 150mm centre both ways tying with 20 gauge black annealed wire with necessary shuttering , curing etc. complete including fixing in position as directed. d. Supplying and placing of filter sand of hard and resistant quartz, uniform size and shape free from dust, clay, soft grains, dirt and any other foreign materials includind inorganic salt and organic substance, washed and screened. Having uniformity coefficient between 1.3 to 1.7, effective size between 0.45 to 0.70mm, ignition loss not exceeding

WTP Site development Raising low site around the building with approved soil obtained from outside by truck carriage including breaking clods, dressing etc. complete including paying necessary forest royelty, sales tax, land compensation, municipal gate fees, if any monopoly duty etc. (profile measurement to be taken and 12.5% deduction for shrinkage to be made from total quantity) etc. complete as directed and specified.

Providing drain with brick work in cement mortar in proportion 1:5 with half brick thick side walls and 100mm thick C.C (1:3:6) base over one brick flat soling including 15mm thick cement plastering in prop. 1:3 finished with a floating coat of cement slurry as directed with necessary shttering for sides and earth work in excavation of foundation trenches and refilling the sides after completion of work etc. as specified. i) 300mm wide and average 150mm deep with bed slope 1 in 150 with initial depth of 100mm.

Internal & External Electrifcation

Internal Pathway Providing flat brick soling in foundation and under floor with stone/ best quality picked jhama brick, sand packed and laid to level with plain cement concrete works with coarse aggregate of sizes 13mm to 32mm in proportion 1:3:6 with 15 mm thick cement plaster in single coat as directed by the Department.

Construction of RCC Under Ground Reservoir of various capacities by excavating necessary earthwork, including dewatering, stabilising side earth, preparation of sub soil etc. with 100 mm thick PCC (in prop. 1:3:6), using M25 grade of concrete including dewatering if necessary, and curing; application of air entraining and water reducing plasticiser (masterplast PAE ) conforming to IS 9103-1999 @ 0.15 Lit per bag of cement (or equivalent); and 15mm thick plastering and painting, along with inlet channel, vent pipe and other pipe connections, form work, shuttering and shoring etc. for storage of treated drinking water as per approved drawings and specification, along with 450 mm inlet channel with hydraulic jump for mixing of fluid and fitting and fixing of 100mm dia GI outlet, vent pipes as per approved drawings and specification as per approved good for construction drawing issued by the deptt. (UGR to be tested for leak proof). 60000 Liters

Construction of Pump House of following size including necessary earthwork, 100 mm thick PCC (in prop. 1:3:6) over flat brick soling for foundation, 12 mm dia main reinforcement for columns, providing, fitting, hoisting and fixing of roof trusses including purlins fabricated out of M.S. circular hollow section, as per approved design and drawings including providing M.S. cleats, base plates, bolts and nuts and one coat of red oxide Zinc Chromate primer and two coats of approved enamel paints complete including fitting necessary cleats, providing PPGL sheets and accessories (Ridges / Valley / Gutter / Flashing) including fitting and fixing sheets for ceiling. Providing and laying plain/reinforced CC work including dewatering and curing including 1st class brick work of 112 mm thickness and providing wood work in frame (Chowkat) of door, window and other similar works as directed with 1st Class timber along with fitting and fixing battend ledged and braced door including painting and priming 2 coats on the wooden surface. Providind and laying 65mm thick Cement Concrete flooring underlayer of 50mm (1:3:6 prop.) and 15mm thick cement plastering in cement mortar 1:4 all complete as per approved good for construction drawing issued by the deptt. Size: 4.0 x 4.0 x 3.30 m

Supplying, installation, fitting & fixing, testing and commissioning of Electric driven 3- phase (for 5HP/ 7.5HP/10HP/12.5HP/15HP) / Single phase (for 1 HP / 2HP / 3 HP pump) Centrifugal pump set of approved make with bronze impeller of suitable diameter with G.I. suction pipe, suction strainer, non-return valve, delivery piping up to sluice valve all complete. The pump set should be coupled with electric motor drive of adequate power suitable for operation at 230V / 415 V, 50 Hz input power with DOL Starter /Star delta Starter including Electric Control panel board enclosure made of MS Sheet duly painted with Anti-corrosive paints complete, fitted with all electrical accessories i.e. Off-On Switch, Voltmeter, Ammeter, Indicator light etc., Complete wiring from Panel Board to Main Line including supply of Aluminium Armoured Cable of adequate cross section, Earthing wire and all necessary materials for the same, including cost of CC pump foundation with base plate complete and other accessories and labour charge for installation of the pump etc. all complete as specified and directed by the Department with One year warranty from the date of commissioning and satisfactory testing against any manufacturing defect. [If any such defect is found during the year from the date of installation and satisfactory testing, supplier will have to rectify the defect at their cost and risk & if necessary replace the pump set.] Test Certificate of Pump, Motor, Starter, Panel Board, etc. from the manufacturer shall have to be submitted: HP of pump (to be provided) Single Phase / 3-Phase 3 HP -Centrifugal type Pumpset

Providing, laying , fitting & fixing GI (Medium Class) Pipe conforming to IS-1239 (pt-I) 2004 (with up to date amendment) including ISI marked GI specials and jointing material, cutting of pipe materials and necessary earthwork in trenching and refilling of earth and restore to its original condition including dressing, dewatering incuding bailing out water where necessary all complete and also necessary testings and commissioning as per direction of the engineer incharge. 100 MM dia GI Pipe

Construction of 16 M MS staging ESR with GRP tanks (Conformint to I:S 14399 (part 1&2) 1996 & IS 4249 : 1967) installed over it including & providing,fitting, fixing the base sheets as per the design and testing for leakage,inserting inlet,outlet,overflow,vent, wash pipe ,aviation light, lightening arrestor etc all complete as per direction of the engineer- incharge. Capacity SBC of Soil 80000 Liters 10 ton/sq.m

Collection from the field and testing in the laboratory of undisturbed soil samples for sub- soil investigation (as per relevant I.S code) by open drive sampler (100mm dia boring) through clayey soil layer/ sandy soil layer/ sandy clay/ sandy silt layer/ clayey silt layer, conduction standard penetration test (SPT) and collection of SPT sampler, observation of ground water table, spot level survey to the bore location and carrying out R.L. from nearest B.M., laboratory test (particle size analysis, hydrometer test, determination of liquid limit, plastic limit, bulk density, moisture content, specific gravity,conducting triaxal test, direct shear test, unconfined compression test, consolidation test including preparation of sub-soil investigation report complete with necessary printing and binding (minimum 5 copies)

Supply, delivery and erection of ONLINE National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) approved silver ionization water disinfection equipment using oligodynamic disinfection as per standard specification. The life of the inbuilt electrode in this equipment will last for the mentioned life in lakh litres, including cost of replacement.

Cost of Pile and pile cap foundation for construction of ESR, PILE CAP M25 Dia 300 mm

Cost of Pile and pile cap foundation for construction of ESR, PILE CAP M25 RCC

Cost of Pile and pile cap foundation for construction of ESR, PILE CAP M25 REINFORCEMENT

Cost of Pile and pile cap foundation for construction of ESR, PILE CAP M25 SHUTTERING (LUMPSUM)

Providing, Laying, Jointing & field testing of HDPE pipes (High Density Polyethylene Pipes-PE 100) confirming to IS 4984/2016 (with up to date amendment) with necessary jointing material like mechanical connector of jointing pipes by heating the ends of pipes with the help of Teflon coated electric mirror/ heater to the required temperature and then pressing the ends together against each other, to form a monolithic & leak proof joint by thermosetting process. It may be required to be done with Jack/ Hydraulic Jacks/ Butt fusion machine.(50 mm & above fusion jointed & below 50mm mechanical jointed). The HDPE fitting should be ISI marked conforming to relevant BIS code 63 MM dia HDPE Pipe

75 MM dia HDPE Pipe

90 MM dia HDPE Pipe

110 MM dia HDPE Pipe

140 MM dia HDPE Pipe

Dismantling of Road Dismantling of existing structures including T&P and scaffolding wherever necessary, sorting the dismantled material,disposal of unserviceable material and stacking the serviceable material with all lift and lead of 1000 metres. Interlocking Concrete Block Pavement APWD Road 2018-19, item no. 2.4 (ii)B with 10% Above 500m*0.8m*0.08m

Construction of Road Providing and laying Interlocking Concrete Block Pavement (ICBP) conforming to IS:15658-2006 including all lead and lift complete as per technical specification and as directed. APWD Road 2018-19, item no. 17.40 (a) with 10% Above 500m*0.8m

Constructing of Brick masonry Sluice Valve Chamber 750mm(L) x 750mm(B) x 1250mm(H) inside, in 230mm brick work in cement mortar 1:5 (1 cement : 5 coarse sand) and precast R.C.C cover slab in prop. 1:2:4 mix (1 cement : 2 coarse sand : 4 graded stone aggregate 20 mm nominal size ) reinforced with 10mm M.S. bar @ 150mm centre both ways tying with 20 gauge black annealed wire including necessary earthwork (excavation and return filling), 75mm PCC in prop. 1:4:8 (1 cement:4 coarse sand : 8 coarse agg.) over brick flat soling and 15 mm thick inside plastering and outside plastering (upto 150mm from top) with cement mortar 1:5 (1 cement : 5 coarse sand) , complete as per standard design, including Supplying, carrying, placing in position, fitting and fixing 80mm diameter CID/F sluice valve all complete as directed. Approved good for construction drawing will be issued by the deptt. Ref: Chief Engineer (PHE), Water, Assam approved rates (RFP No. : 11 of 2020-21) Item No.14 A) For 80mm dia Sluice valve against 90mm/ 75mm dia Distribution pipe line - 1 no. 80mm dia CID/F sluice valve with cap/ wheel as per IS 14846-2000 PN 1.0 with ISI marking, 2 nos. 80mm dia GI Nipple (225mm long), 4 Nos. 80mm dia GI Threaded Flange, 2 Nos. 90mm dia UPVC Flange, 26 Nos. Bolts & nuts and 6 nos. 3mm thick rubber insertion sheet for 100mm dia pipe.

Constructing of Brick masonry Sluice Valve Chamber 900mm(L) x 900mm(B) x 1250mm(H) inside, in 230mm brick work in cement mortar 1:5 (1 cement : 5 coarse sand) and precast R.C.C cover slab in prop. 1:2:4 mix (1 cement : 2 coarse sand : 4 graded stone aggregate 20 mm nominal size ) reinforced with 10mm M.S. bar @ 150mm centre both ways tying with 20 gauge black annealed wire including necessary earthwork (excavation and return filling), 75mm PCC in prop. 1:4:8 (1 cement:4 coarse sand : 8 coarse agg.) over brick flat soling and 15 mm thick inside plastering and outside plastering (upto 150mm from top) with cement mortar 1:5 (1 cement : 5 coarse sand) , complete as per standard design, including Supplying, carrying, placing in position, fitting and fixing 100mm/ 125mm/ 150mm diameter CID/F sluice valve all complete as directed. Approved good for construction drawing will be issued by the deptt. Ref: Chief Engineer (PHE), Water, Assam approved rates (RFP No. : 11 of 2020-21) Item No.14 A) For 100mm dia Sluice valve against 110mm dia Distribution pipe line - 1 no. 100mm dia CID/F sluice valve with cap/ wheel as per IS 14846-2000 PN 1.0 with ISI marking, 2 nos. 100mm dia GI Nipple (225mm long), 4 Nos. 100mm dia GI Threaded Flange, 2 Nos. 110mm dia UPVC Flange, 28 Nos. Bolts & nuts and 6 nos. 3mm thick rubber insertion sheet for 100mm dia pipe.

B) For 125mm dia Sluice valve against 140mm dia Distribution pipe line - 1 no. 125mm dia CID/F sluice valve with cap/ wheel as per IS 14846-2000 PN 1.0 with ISI marking, 2 nos. 125mm dia GI Nipple (225mm long), 4 Nos. 125mm dia GI Threaded Flange, 2 Nos. 140mm dia UPVC Flange, 30 Nos. Bolts & nuts and 6 nos. 3mm thick rubber insertion sheet for 125mm dia pipe.

Construction of RCC Supporting pillar to be used as support of pipeline for crossing of culverts etc. of 0.25x0.25m size and height varying from 0.5m to 1.5m above GL, including necessary earthwork, 75 mm thick PCC in prop. 1:3:6 over flat brick soling, foundation of size 0.80 x 0.80 m x 0.125m(depth) with 8mm dia reinforcemnt @ 150mm c/c both sides, and 12mm dia main reinforcement for the pillar with 8mm dia single legged stirrup @150mm c/c, 15mm thick plaster including shuthering / shoring and all complete as per direction of the deptt. Approved good for construction drawing will be issued by the deptt. i. Supporting pillar of height 0.80 m above GL

ii. Supporting pillar of height 1.00 m above GL

iii. Supporting pillar of height 1.20 m above GL

Providing, laying , fitting & fixing GI (Medium Class) Pipe conforming to IS-1239 (pt-I) 2004 (with up to date amendment) including ISI marked GI specials and jointing material, cutting of pipe materials and necessary earthwork in trenching and refilling of earth and restore to its original condition including dressing, dewatering incuding bailing out water where necessary all complete and also necessary testings and commissioning as per direction of the engineer incharge. 80mm

Providing, installation, testing and commissioning of Bulk Flow Meter with removable mechanism class "B" confirming to ISO: 4064/1 including all materials (excluding CI/DI fittings) and making connection with existing pipeline required for Bulk Flow Meter including cutting the existing pipe line etc complete in all respect as per technical specification and as per direction of Engineer. BFM100 for DN 100 mm

Providing Functional Household Tap Connection including earthwork in excavation for pipe line (both for connection in distribution line and service connection) and refilling, dressing etc., providing PVC/HDPE Saddle Piece of average size 110 mm x 15 mm (i.e. ranging from 63mm to 160mm) , making holes in the distribution pipe, providing 15 mm dia bronze ferrule cock (PN-16) conforming to IS:2692 (1989) as ammended from time to time / Flow control valve of SS316 with flow of 3 LPM at standard operating pressure of 0.5 bar to 1.5 bar of minimum woight 125 gm, connecting it to the saddle piece, providing and fixing 3 layer (Outer green / GREY coloured UV Stabilised, middle black coloured UV Stabilised and inermost layer white coloured with antimicrobial property) Fusion welded PP-R ( Poly propylene- random copolymer) Pipes, SDR 7.4 having thermal stability for hot and cold water supply conforming IS 15801- 2008 of average length 10 m from saddle piece to the standpost ( pipes of make empanelled manufacturers and PN-16 Pipe,20 mm OD,SDR-7.4) including all plain PP-R fittings and brass threaded PP-R fitting and clamping, cutting and making good to the damages, including all taxes and duties as applicable and including the cost of all required labour and materials as directed and specified. FHTC

Construction of Brick boundary wall including necessary earthwork in excavation for foundation trenches of walls, footing of columns including refilling (return filling) the quantity as necessary after completion of work, breaking clods in return filling, dressing, watering and ramming etc. and removal of surplus earth, 100 mm thick PCC in proportion 1:3:6 over flat brick soling, with brickwork in cement mortar in proportion 1:4 with 230mm thick first class brick in sub-structure upto plinth level and 112 mm thick above plinth upto height of 1.5 m, and providing RCC pillar of 0.20mx0.20m x 1.50 meter height above GL at 3.0 meters apart and for gate 2 nos. posts of size 0.30m x 0.30mx 1.60 meter above ground level, tie beam of 0.20mx0.25m cross section, 6 nos. 12mm dia main bar for each gate post and 4 nos for each boundary colums and stirrups @ 150mm c/c and plastering in proportion 1:4, and colour washing with lime of approved brand incuding form work, shuttering and shoring all complete as per approved good for construction drawing as directed and specified by the by the deptt.

Supplying, fitting and fixing double leaf heavy duty iron gate, frame made from 50mm x 6mm M.S. flat iron with another horizontal flat at the middle, 20mm dia M.S bars at 200mm apart from bottom flat to top flat and 20 mm dia M.S. bars at 200mm apart from bottom flat to middle flat including drilling, welding etc. complete. All vertical bars are to be protruded at least 100mm above the middle and top flat is to be flattended and pointed as directed. Necessary locking arrangement on both faces, arrangement for temporary closing the gate and 2 nos.( minium) strong iron hinges of M.S bars and flat of same sizes on each leaf to be embeded in C.C brick pillars as necessary including a red oxide painting to all iron works as directed and specified. (Separate payment will be made for posts). IRON GATE

Supplying including installation, testing and commissioning of Air/Water cooled Diesel Generator set coupled to suitable alteranator of 220/415 V, AC, 1/3 phase 0.8 p.f mounted on a 1) M.S febricated base frame, 2) M.S fuel tank of required capacity. 3) Residual Silencer 4) Standard control panel 5) Suitable batteries with lead. 6) First fill of tube oil. 6) Acoustic enclouser complete with all acessories as specified and directed by the deptt. conforming to IS comprising the Technical Specification as per manufacture. (RANGE FROM KVA TO KVA) Kirloskar green/ bliss, leyland, Volvo pents, perkinson, Mahindra, Greaves, Escort engine and kirloskar, stamford, Leroy somer alternator. KVA- PHASE- Approx size- Approx Wt - COOLING 10 - 1- 2070x820x1540- 850 Kg -A/C

Construction of Assam type protection room for different size of DG set with PPGI Sheet roofing with steel roof truss along with foundation complete as per the specification (Specification-A) of Assam Type building of APWD Schedule of rate for 2013-14 all complete as directed by the Engineer-in-charge. (Rate to be quoted as plinth area basis). 3.1mX2m

Supply and installation of 25 KVA Sub Station including extention of spur line. (APDCL Rates) Supply and installation all matarials including labour cost

Additional Cost for meter, CTPT, cable, AMR etc.

Armored Cable 25sqmm

Payable to APDCL (APDCL charges)

Spur Line

Load Charges

Construction of approach road and box culvert by excavating necessary earthwork, including dewatering, stabilising side earth, preparation of sub soil with 100 mm thick PCC in prop. 1:3:6 with coarse aggregate of sizes 13mm to 32mm over flat brick soling, Providing form work of 38 mm thick ordinary timber planking so as to give a rough finish including centering, shuttering, strutting and propping etc, Providing 100 mm thick precast R.C.C slab over drain in prop. 1 : 1.5 : 3 reinforced with 10mm M.S. bar @ 150mm centre both ways tying with 20 gauge black annealed wire, providing 20 mm thick Cement plaster (1:4) on single or half brick walls fo interior plastering, Supplying and spreading sand gravel on the approach road ramming, packing etc. complete as directed and specified by the department.

Making sign board of size 3 m (W) x 1.2 m (H) with 50 mm MS square pipe supporting postin a frame of 32 mm MS square boundary pipes with 3 nos 25mm MS square strut pipe welded with a 3 mm thick MS plain sheet (3 m x 1.2 m) including foundation work , all complete and as directed by the Engineer-in-charge.

Construction of low cost sanitary toilet of size 1.2 m * 1.2 m with twin brick lined circular septic pit , drain, junction chamber and fitting & fixing of pan & trap etc. along with 40 mm thick red oxide floor with under layer of 30 mm thick cement concrete in prop. 1:3:6, providing undressed wood work in roof truss, providing Pre Painted Galvalume Sheet Roofing (PPGL) at all levels including fitting and fixing self drilling, self tapping screws complete (Roof trusses, purlins etc. to be measured and paid separately.) .TATA Blue scope/Dyna roof / Wonder Roof or equivalent as directed by the Deptt.

Construction of Assam type Staff Quarter of 12m2 (approx) plinth area including necessary earthwork, PCC work (in prop. 1:3:6) over brick soling in foundation and under floor, construction of all RCC members including dewatering, curing and reinforcement. Providing and laying 25 mm thick damp proof course with cement concrete (1:1.5:3) including form work, brick wall of 112mm thick, 15 mm thick Cement plaster, 65 mm thick cement concrete floor consisting of 50 mm under layer of cement concrete (in prop. 1:3:6), Cement plaster skirting with cement mortar (in prop. 1:3), providing welding, fitting, hoisting and fixing of roof trusses with purlin, bottom runner etc, providing fitting and fixing glazed wooden shutters for doors/windows including oxidised iron butt hinges with necessay screws, fitting and fixing window and fan, light including fitting and fixing 2 M.S pivot hinges, eye hook and nylon chord complete, fixing clear sheet glass beded in putty and fixed with/without wooden bidding including necessary cutting and fixing of glass of required size, Supplying, fitting and fixing ceiling tiles of 10mm thick, providing Pre Painted Galvalume Sheet Roofing (PPGL), distempering with dry distemper on new wall surface, painting two coats (including priming coat) on new wood & supplying, fitting, fixing electrocoloured iron fittings.

Commissioning, running and maintaining the scheme to quantities, rated capacity, including manning necessary personnel such as operator, valveman, etc. as per requirements of the scheme and who should also administer chemical dose for a period of 1 month for individual scheme and for regional scheme, together with training of personnel spared by MJP / Local Body and handing over the scheme to Local Body after completion of the above period as directed by Engineer-in-charge.

6.8 Brick work 7 cm thick with common burnt clay F.P.S. (non modular) brick of class designation 7.5 in cement mortar 1:3 (1 cement : 3 coarse sand) in superstructure above plinth level and upto floor five level

Providing and laying in position ready mixed or site batched design mix cement concrete for plain cement concrete work; using coarse aggregate and fine aggregate derived from natural sources, Portland Pozzolana/Ordinary Portland / Portland Slag cement, admixtures in recommended proportions as per IS: 9103 to accelerate / retard setting of concrete, to improve durability and workability without impairing strength; including pumping of concrete to site of laying, curing, carriage for all leads; but excluding the cost of centering, shuttering and finishing as per direction of the engineer-in-charge; for the following grades of concrete. Note: Extra cement up to 10% of the minimum specified cement content in design mix shall be payable separately. In case the cement content in design mix is more than 110% of the minimum specified cement content, the contractor shall have discretion to either re-design the mix or bear the cost of extra cement. 4.20.1 All works upto plinth level : 4.20.1.1 Concrete of M10 grade with minimum cement content of 220 kg /cum

5.2 Reinforced cement concrete work in walls (any thickness), including attached pilasters, buttresses, plinth and string courses, fillets, columns, pillars, piers, abutments, posts and struts etc. above plinth level up to floor five level, excluding cost of centering, shuttering, finishing and reinforcement : 5.2.2 1:1.5:3 (1 cement : 1.5 coarse sand(zone-III) derived from natu ral sources : 3 graded stone aggregate 20 mm nominal size derived from natural sources)